Performance Measurements Essay Example for Free

Execution Measurements Essay Execution estimations are utilized to describe and characterize execution in a task. They are utilized to follow and oversee progress toward accomplishing explicit task objectives. Execution estimations help decide how dynamic procedures of an undertaking prompted its prosperity or disappointment, understanding these can assist associations with making future enhancements. It is a venture supervisors obligation to quantify execution dependent on the triple requirements of time, financial plan, and nature of an undertaking. There are numerous presentation estimations an undertaking supervisor can utilize dependent on the sort of venture within reach, this paper thoroughly analyzes the accompanying estimations * Earned Value * Customer Satisfaction * Requirements Performance Earned Value Earned Value estimates work acted regarding timetable and spending plan of a task. It distinguishes timetable and spending accidents in every aspect of an undertaking. Earned Value is a methodology where you screen the undertaking plan, real work, and work-finished an incentive to check whether a venture is on target. Earned Value shows the amount of the spending plan and time ought to have been spent, as to the measure of work done as such far (Haughey, 2013). It estimates current execution in a venture, which helps venture chiefs figure out what the future execution will be. Utilizing earned worth, venture administrators can decide how much work is finished versus , what amount was relied upon to be finished at one point in a venture. In light of the earned worth, venture administrators can make changes to the manner in which the undertaking is advancing regarding explicit assignments, calendar, and financial plan to bring it in the groove again for effective fruition. Earned Value gives the undertaking supervisor a target method of estimating execution and anticipating future results. This can empower the person in question to report progress with more prominent certainty and feature any overwhelm prior. This thus, empowers the supervisory crew to settle on cost and time allotment choices sooner than would some way or another be the situation (Haughey, 2013). Consumer loyalty Customer fulfillment is an exhibition measure that decides whether client desires are being met. Toward the finish of a venture, consumer loyalty is the thing that decides whether a task was a triumph or a disappointment. Undertaking driven associations must consider consumer loyalty as a basic achievement factor. Associations that convey ventures that dismiss client needs make negative encounters and at last reason gigantic issues for the association (Karim, 2012). Task administrators must ensure client desires and prerequisites are in accordance with the undertaking consistently during the life of a venture. Following are a portion of the means the person in question can take to guarantee consumer loyalty * Balance client needs with companys client support needs. Ensure client prerequisites are deliverable and obviously convey those that arent. * Gather constant input from clients to quantify their fulfillment and improve current procedures. * Customer fulfillment ought to be given as much significance as time, financial plan, and quality in venture. * Include and advise clients when any progressions are made in a venture. * Effective correspondence between the client and Project supervisor, and between the undertaking chief and venture group is significant. Prerequisites execution Meeting prerequisites is a key factor in estimating venture execution. It is imperative to ensure that the correct necessities have been accumulated, and they are point by point as obviously as could be expected under the circumstances. Necessities in a venture can be both useful and non-useful. In the event that a task is meeting the entirety of its prerequisites, it very well may be a key factor that shows in the event that it will be a fruitful one. To gauge this factor you have to create proportions of fit, which implies the arrangement totally fulfills the prerequisite. A prerequisites execution list can quantify how much task results meet necessities Fit models are typically inferred some time after the prerequisite portrayal is first composed (Pennypacker, n. d. ). Taking everything into account, there are numerous approaches to gauge venture execution and each undertaking has its extraordinary arrangement of execution estimations. Execution estimations are imperative to follow the advancement of a venture and to ensure the undertaking is on track. Execution estimations are utilized to screen and control an undertaking to guarantee its effective consummation.

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Task 2 - Essay Example It additionally endeavored to address the deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was an understanding between the 13 establishing States and the built up United States of America as a confederation of these States. It likewise filled in as the primary constitution of the nation before it was supplanted by the constitution to which this penetrable was made piece of. It is imperative to note, in any case, that the Articles were inadequate to set up a solid government and neglected to give strong sacred establishments to the nation. It was additionally a result of this explanation that it was accordingly supplanted with the US Constitution wherein this Permeable set out significant sacred bearing for the arrangement and job of government. The Permeable to the Constitution defined depended on certain goals and furthermore endeavored to evacuate the inadequacies of the articles. It explicitly referenced a portion of the goals and furthermore sketched out the plan of the designers of the Constitution. This paper will talk about the different standards referenced in the Permeable and will likewise diagram how it endeavored to defeat deficiencies of the articles. ... Accommodate the regular guard 5. Advance the general Welfareâ 6. Secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterityâ The penetrable alluded the name of the nation as â€Å"United States of America† which is for some time considered as the basic reference with respect to the idea of the administration in the nation. It additionally gives a reference to the central government as an element which has been made under the constitution and, hence, overrules the innate suspicion that the States might be autonomous from one another and can likewise carryout outside relations with different States. This thought, along these lines, has additionally offered ascend to the idea of arrangement of an increasingly impeccable association wherein Federal Government will in general have moderately higher force when contrasted with the forces adjusted by the States as per Federal, just as individual States constitutions. All things considered, Constitution permits the individual S tates to work as sovereign states. Article 1 of the constitution characterizes the forces of government and how it is really going to be defined as a progressively immaculate association. The utilization of the world to frame an increasingly flawless association is additionally considered as a move from the Articles of Confederation wherein Nationalists explicitly presented the defense that the Articles neglected to give an instrument to progressively strong association and administration component (Rakove, 230). The Federal Government was given enough powers to follow up on the residents and, subsequently, Federal government was given explicit command to charge burdens straightforwardly and furthermore subject the residents to different issues. This has especially help defeated protected trouble which articles neglected to survive. It is likewise imperative to take note of that the utilization of the expression â€Å"We the People† additionally gives a characteristic sense t hat the Federal government

The Soul Of Young Bloggers Restrictions They Face

The Soul Of Young Bloggers Restrictions They Face Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Soul Of Young Bloggers Restrictions They FaceUpdated On 17/04/2017Author : Mohammed IbrahimTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozdac7 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogBlogging is one among the passions and hobbies of millions around the world. At least 10% of them are below 18, reports suggest. But the sad side of the story is that, the registration of domains and web hosting services is available only for the ones above 18. Thus thousands of young bloggers are still facing problems taking their blog into a new level.I am also one among such bloggers. As I am below 18, Im not able to register a custom domain other than the free ones. They cant even try to use the best web hosting pack available. Thus the status of my blog has been tied up during the past few years. A custom domain is a must for todays blogging system. As most of us look for custom domains r ather than sub-domains. But the truth behind such a scenario is that sub-domain registered blogs have better quality posts as they are working hard to gain visitors. This system should be changed. Minimum age for registering a domain must be reduced to 10.Thus the young and talented bloggers around us will be able to pull up their blogs ranking upwards and thereby they will be able to fulfill their dreams and aspirations. Hope that this post will raise a social cause and the authorities would take necessary steps for the uplift of such young stars.Another sad issue is that we, the young bloggers are still unable to display ads. As the popular ad network Adsense and the providers allows it only after the age of 18. But this criterion has some legal explanations and logic thus let us keep it aside. But the case of domains is not like that.READI Blogged My Cousin A Bride - Bride BrandIt is not at all difficult to find such illegal registrars and resellers. If you need a domain or ad- sense account before the age of 18, it is as simple as getting a lollipop. The illegal resellers are that common. But due to the social responsibilities as a blogger, we try our level best to stay away from such malpractices. But the young generation may not be able to resist such offers for long. So I think that this is a social issue too.Let us dream that the authorities would grant permission to the young generation to acquire domains and hosting legally.Admins Note : HBB is a democratic site and hope you will love to have a different perspective on the issue.Almost half the talented people out there are below 18 and still there is a restriction. Do share your opinions below as comments. This guest article is written by Mohammed Ibrahim, a 15 year old blogger settled in Dubai who has lots of dreams and tries to conquer one by one. If you wish to write a guest article here, do check this.

Online Casino Bonus Or Free Bet Casino Bonuses - 1699 Words

Blog 31 – Free bet casino bonuses explained Even the most hardcore of online casino players can’t resist a freebie or a giveaway. Thankfully, online casino bonuses are more regularly available then they have ever been before thanks to the introduction and promotion of online casino portals. In fact, it can even be argued that such bonuses go hand in hand with how the industry works nowadays. Given that they are free and can even be obtained under no deposit terms, it is no shock to see that millions head to the web to seek them out every month. But it must be said that the bonuses you hear and read about are by no means basic to understand. This is because they come in not only a myriad of different forms, but with a whole host of different terms and conditions. If players really want to make the most of any online casino bonus or free bet they receive, they need to understand the premise fully. Help is on hand in such matter, as the following explains the ins and outs of free bet casino bonuses in great detail. Welcome Bonuses (aka. Registration Bonuses, Sign Up Bonuses) Leading the charge on the bonus front is the Welcome Bonus, which may also be listed under the names ‘Sign Up Bonus’ and ‘Registration Bonus’. In all likelihood this is the bonus format that online casino players will encounter most often. The whole purpose of this form of bonus is to entice players is to both register and subsequently spend big at an online casino. While a Welcome Bonus maybe presentedShow MoreRelatedOnline Casino Bonuses? Then Keep Reading !1732 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 22 – Want to know more about online casino bonuses? Then keep reading! Not a day goes by when speculation about the online casino gaming industry isn’t running rampant. Every player is looking for the next loophole to exploit in order to make his or her playing efforts more profitable. However, the easiest way to make more money when it comes to online casino gaming doesn’t require a player to be a master exploiter, all it requires is a touch of education and a little bit of effort. HelpingRead MoreNo Deposit Bonus Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesdeposit casino bonus work for you Online casinos will almost always give you some kind of a bonus or deal for signing up, with that just being the nature of the beast in the industry these days. The kind of bonus they offer is a great barometer for measuring how they treat their customers in a general sense. In addition, they also let you sample a casino without risking your own finances beforehand. As you can imagine, finding a good casino no deposit bonus or mobile casino no deposit bonus is a veryRead MoreWhy Casino Bonuses Better?2401 Words   |  10 PagesArticle 17 - Want to understand casino bonuses better? Then read on! They’re everywhere, they’re constantly being promoted, and odds are they’ll be something that you’re already familiar with. If you want to gamble online you are going to face new offers on a near daily basis. They can be confusing at times, but casinos bonuses are always going to be a great way to get the ball rolling when it comes to casino betting. The following breaks down casino bonuses and explains their ins and outs in moreRead MoreArticle Review : Free Bet1974 Words   |  8 PagesArticle 5 – Free Bet They are the lifeblood of the online casino industry and an element that as a player you simply can’t ignore. Online casino bonuses and free bets are as common place as the casino themselves, so as a player it pays to understand what they are and where to find them. While in days gone by you may have claimed free bets blindly, it needn’t be that way anymore. This is because this guide is now on hand to guide you through the ins and outs of free bets, free spins, and free slots. Read MoreBlog 13 - First Online Casino Gaming App Arrives For Apple Watch1741 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 13 – First online casino gaming app arrives for Apple Watch As far as device launches go, nothing can really compare to that of the Apple watch. Last year when it was announced it turned the world of technology on its head, as people could now have a fully functioning smart device on their wrist. Several years ago the idea of such was thought impossible, but is now very real and could be set to change the way people gamble. These little devices are available for use in an instant and presentRead MoreTaking a Look at Online Casinos525 Words   |  2 Pagestowards online casinos? In the olden days, gambling was basically a few casino parlors with some players in the establishments. When online casinos emerged, the way people looked at gambling changed, thus making people from all walks of life to play casino. Since, there are numerous online casinos, there is a tough competition among the casinos. So, casino owners had to offer something special to the gamblers to retain existing players or attract new players. This is when online casinos started offeringRead MoreMy Experience At Las Vegas1777 Words   |  8 PagesArticle 7 – Want to make your casino bonus count? Then read this! Everyone loves a â€Å"freebie† and in most cases freebies don’t come any bigger than the famed casino bonus. My very first experience of the casino came over ten years ago when some friends and I paid a visit to Las Vegas, while there I spent countless hours at the blackjack table. I knew a bit regarding the basic strategy, so I definitely fancied my chances. After giving it my all I found myself burned by the whole experience, Las VegasRead MoreRaising Your Game With These Professional Casino Tips2397 Words   |  10 PagesArticle 4 - Raise your game with these professional casino tips Myths and rumours go hand in hand when it comes to online casinos. The feeling that the games against you or your lucks not in because of ulterior powers is something that every gambler feels at least once in their life. Let me tell you now, success is not something that is predetermined, it comes about through skill. The following are online casino tips direct from the professionals that can help you raise your game and banish awayRead MoreHow Can You Make Your Free Spins Bonus Count?1749 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 4 – How to really make your free spins bonus count Like any other business, casinos need to make a profit, which all comes about by attracting new customers. If casino managers had it their way, it would be impossible to win, which means more money for the casino and hardly a penny for the hard working players of the world. This approach would be useless in business; however, as it is the slim chance of winning that attracts gamblers in the first place and subsequently keeps them coming backRead MoreArticle On Online Casino Bonuses1862 Words   |  8 PagesArticle 13 – Your casino bonus questions answered Odds are you’ve been living under a rock if you haven’t come across at least one casino bonus advertisement as of late. They are sold to players as free money and the perfect tool to start gambling online with. While they can be that when used properly, in some instances online casino bonuses can be a little confusing, especially to new players. The following answers those regularly asked questions and explains casino bonuses in more detail. How

Architecture Made Famous by Americas Presidents

Remember the phrase George Washington slept here? Ever since the founding of the country, Presidents of the United States made otherwise ordinary places famous.   1. Presidents Homes All US Presidents are associated with the White House in Washington, DC. Even George Washington, who never lived there, oversaw its construction. In addition to this common residence, all US Presidents are associated with personal residences. George Washingtons Mount Vernon, Thomas Jeffersons Monticello, and Abraham Lincolns home in Springfield are all good examples. Then there are all the childhood homes and birthplaces of our presidents. Of course, nobody knows who will become president, so many of these early homes were torn down before they became part of history. Surprisingly, the first president to be born in a hospital, instead of a home, was President Jimmy Carter, our 39th president. 2. Presidential Retreats Have you ever noticed how the presidency ages the person in office? Its a stressful job, and the president must make time for rest and relaxation. Since 1942, the country has provided Camp David as a get-away for the presidents exclusive use. Located in the Maryland mountains, the compound was a 1930s project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a Depression-era New Deal program. But Camp David is not enough. Every president has had a retreat—some have had both summer and winter White Houses. Lincoln used the Cottage at the Soldiers Home, now known as Lincolns Cottage. President Kennedy always had the family compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. George Herbert Walker Bush went to Walkers Point in Kennebunkport, Maine. Nixon had a little concrete block ranch house in  Key Biscayne, Florida, and Truman set up shop at the Little White House in Key West, Florida. All presidents are welcome to use Sunnylands, once a private residence, in  Rancho Mirage, California. All too often, presidential retreats like Sunnylands and Camp David have also been used to meet with foreign leaders in a less formal setting. Remember the Camp David Accords of 1978? 3. Sites of Presidential Events All presidential events dont happen in Washington, DC.   Bretton Woods, a gorgeous hotel in the mountains of New Hampshire, was the site of an international agreement after World War II. Similarly, President Woodrow Wilson traveled to the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris, France, to sign the treaty that ended World War I. These two places are historic landmarks for what happened there. Todays presidents campaign, debate, and rally constituents all across the United States—in town halls and convention halls.   Presidential events are not DC-centric—even the site where George Washington took the oath of office in 1789 was in Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City. 4. Monuments to Presidents Any community can memorialize a favorite son, but Washington, DC is the main setting for the nations monuments. The Lincoln Memorial, the Washington Monument, and the Jefferson Memorial may be the most famous in DC, but Mount Rushmore in South Dakota may be the most iconic presidential tribute carved in stone. 5. Presidential Libraries and Museums Who owns a public servants papers? has been a question hotly debated—and legislated. Presidential Libraries did not come into existence until the 20th century, and today raw, archival information, along with the massaging of the presidential message, are combined in buildings like the Bush Library in College Station, Texas and the other Bush Library in Dallas. We take special note of these historic buildings, monuments, and research centers, and await the conflicts that will, no doubt, surround the next presidential library building. It seems to happen every time. A Sense of Place Most of us will never become president, but we all have a sense of place in our lives.  To find your special places, answering these five questions: HOME: Where were you born? Not only the city and state, but have you gone back to see the building? What does it look like? Describe your childhood home.RETREAT: Where do you go to relax and find peace? What is your favorite vacation place?EVENT: Where was your graduation ceremony? Where was your first kiss? Did you ever have to speak to a large group of people? Where were you when you won an important prize?MONUMENT: Do you have a trophy case? Will you have a gravestone? Have you ever built a monument to memorialize someone else? Should monuments even exist?ARCHIVES: Chances are that all of the papers in your life will not be kept forever, because there is no legal requirement to do so. But what about your digital trail? What have you left behind, and where is it?   Fun With Presidents Places George Washington Slept Here starring Jack Benny and Ann Sheridan, DVD, 1942 movie directed by William Keighley, based on a play by Moss Hart and George S. KaufmanLEGO Architecture Series: The White House

The War Of The Cold War - 886 Words

Over the course of 45 years, The U.S and the U.S.S.R went head to head in an infamous battle against ideologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nuclear attacks and political control over states in Europe. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall Plan, funded by the U.S in an attempt to re-industrialize Germany and other war-torn nations, was rejected by the Soviet Union for reasons such as America imposing capitalist ideals across Europe, and the leftover resentment the Soviet Union had for Germany from the war. Unlike any war before it, the cold war did not claim the lives of civilians, it claimed their minds. Split between East and West Europe, people were forced u nder the ruling of two opposing forces, living in constant tension and fear of war breaking out. A war which would be the war to end all wars, and, resultantly, the word. People in America lived in fear of communist invasion spurring on the Red Scare while those living in Eastern Europe were subjected to the tyrannical rule of Joseph Stalin and his predecessors. The relationship between the U.S and the U.S.S.R was bipolar; each side held equal power and were supported by states with similarShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The Unit ed States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started afte r the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. The Cold War came about after World War II when America used their atomic bombsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Truman has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout th e world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wantedRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War942 Words   |  4 PagesFeelings Do Matter At the close of World War Two in 1945, the United States entered another kind of war, the Cold War, which did not involve two adversaries in open battle fields using bullets against the Soviet Union. Throughout the Cold War, incidents fueled feelings of anxiety, mistrust and pride. Often pride is defined as â€Å"a feeling that you are more important or better than other people† (Pride). Mistrust on the other hand is the â€Å"feeling that someone is not honest and cannot be trusted†,Read MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ended in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1244 Words   |  5 PagesBoos echoed throughout the streets of Harlem, New York in great waves of disapproval. Hippies holding up signs supporting peace, and posters opposing the Vietnam War, otherwise known as the Cold War, greeted the tired and injured soldiers. The familiarity of their hometown created a sense of peace and warmth, despite the angry cries of protest from the enraged nonconformists. As loved ones embraced their fighters, chants of outrage broke out from the hippies, and the soldiers, relieved to be homeRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesDuring World War II, the United States, Britain, and Russia all worked together to take down Hitler. Although after the war, the coordination between the U.S. and Russia became extremely tense which inevitably lead to the Cold War. The U.S. was worried that Russia would spread communism after World War II. Russia was concerned with the U.S. arms increase and intervention in international affairs. The distrust between the two nations resulted in the Cold war which lasted until 1991. In 1946, Winston

Godfather And Last Don Essay Example For Students

Godfather And Last Don Essay A Mafia Familys Use of Violence Violence can either be used as mean ofattaining power or as means of revenge. It is a highly known fact that the mainfocus of a stereotypical Mafia family should centre around the use of violence. The Godfather as well as The Last Don are two novels which hold trueto this focus and are interestingly enough both written by the same author: thelate Mario Puzo. Although being written more than twenty-five years apart, thetwo novels almost mirror each other throughout. For instance, near the beginningof each book the only daughter of each family gets married. Aside from that wealso see one son die in each novel as well as the husband of the familys onlydaughter to be killed by the family. Throughout all these instances the onlything dissimilar regarding the two Mafia families is their reasons for violence. A familys use of violence is determined by how much power they hold. InThe Godfather, the main purpose behind all killing and violence can bedirectly related to attaining power. On the other hand, The Last Don is anovel in which all cases of violence are used for the sole purpose of revenge. The killing of one of the sons in both novels by Puzo appears to be the mostprominent deaths. The unfortunate son in The Last Don, Sylvio, is a verycaring and nurturing individual who wishes to have his younger sister, Rose,marry the man of her choice. Her first choice is the son of a rival Mafia boss. He is a part of the Santadio clan. For obvious business reasons Don Clericuziodoes not wish his daughter to become involved with the rival son let alone havehim become a part of his family. Therefore Don Clericuzio strictly forbidsRoses marriage to him. As a means of reconciling this difference Petie meetsRoses lover to seek the solution to their marriage. On the way home aftermaking arrangements to persuade his father to let his sister marry, Petie issideswiped in his sportscar by a member of the Santadios and gunned to death. The fact that the Clericuzio clan is the most powerful family in the world meansthat the killing of any Santadio would not be by any stretch for personal gainof wealth. The Don of each family lays the seeds for generations to come whichhelps explain the future killings in this book. It is Don Clericuzio who as anact of revenge plans the total wipeout of the Santadio family. He lets thewedding between his daughter and the Santadios son proceed sending only hisnephew Pippi to go as representation of the Clericuzios. All goes well atthe wedding as Pippi dances among his foes. Rose and her new husband go to thewedding bed that night and only that night. In the middle of the night a band ofthe Clericuzios storm the Santadio mansion and kill all of their men. They wearmasks to disguise themselves from Rose but it is to no avail as she noticesPippis wedding shoes. In the end it is Pippi who kills Roses husband butnot before the seeds of life had been planted for Roses child who was to benam ed Dante. Don Clericuzio had avenged the death of his son Sylvio. Unfortunately this was only the beginning of the chain of revenge. The aftereffects of the Santadio-Clericuzio war was laid to rest by all of theClericuzios except for Rose who was deeply in love with her husband. The hurtwas evident throughout as she shunned upon the presence of anybody but her dearson Dante. Rose ended up going mad and became a senile old woman by the time shewas fourty years old. The Clericuzio family kept the war against the Santadiosquiet throughout Dantes life as well as Cross lifetime. The exception tothis was when Dantes mother would often whisper the truth about it to him. .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae , .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .postImageUrl , .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae , .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:hover , .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:visited , .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:active { border:0!important; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:active , .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47353494198e05d755dc9c0f8615b8ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Industrial Revolution 3 EssayFor this Dante,..dreamed of vengeance on Pippi, and though these werefantasies, he thought them for his mothers sake. (P.429) Cross wasPippis son and was baptized at the same time as Dante. Dante returned thelove that was shown by his mother and was obviously closer to her than anyClericuzio. At this point Dante is in his mid twenties and has become acold-hearted hitman on behalf of the Clericuzio family. It is of no

Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement free essay sample

These other considerations are often difficult to value, since they are frequently based on uncertain or qualitative considerations, rather than easily measurable and quantifiable factors. The BATNA is often seen by negotiators not as a safety net, but rather as a point of leverage in negotiations. Although a negotiators alternative options should, in theory, be straightforward to evaluate, the effort to understand which alternative represents a partys BATNA is often not invested. Options need to be real and actionable to be of value,[1] however without the investment of time, options will frequently be included that fail on one of these criteria. [citation needed] Most managers overestimate their BATNA whilst simultaneously investing too little time into researching their real options. [citation needed] This can result in poor or faulty decision making and negotiating outcomes. Negotiatiors also need to be aware of the other negotiators BATNA and to identify how it compares to what they are offering. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2] BATNA was developed by negotiation researchers Roger Fisher and William Ury of the Harvard Program on Negotiation (PON), in their series of books on Principled negotiation that started with Getting to YES, unwittingly duplicating a game theory concept pioneered by Nobel Laureate John Forbes Nash decades earlier in his early undergraduate research. [citation needed] Contents [hide] 1 Definitions 2 Examples 2. 1 Selling a car 2. 2 Purchasing 3 See also 4 References 5 External links [edit]Definitions BATNA An acronym defined by negotiation researches Roger Fisher and William Ury which means Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. 3] It is the alternative action that will be taken if your proposed agreement with another party result in an unsatisfactory agreement or when an agreement cannot be reached. Historical Theories The Nash Equilibrium as developed by John Forbes Nash, the father of Game Theory, is described in Getting to YES[3] as the underlying idea for the concept of BA TNA in negotiation (Roger B. Myerson, April 1996). [4] In a nutshell, Nash Equilibrium theory explains that, if in a group of players, each player has in consideration the other player’s decisions, then no one will benefit from altering their decisions, if the other players haven’t either. 5] Example of Nash Equilibrium Theory Amy and Phil are in Nash Equilibrium if Amy is making the best decision she can, taking into account Phils decision, and Phil is making the best decision he can, taking into account Amys decision. Likewise, a group of players are in Nash Equilibrium if each one is making the best decision that he or she can, taking into account the decisions of the others. We cannot think of BATNA without first understanding the notion of negotiation. Negotiation has been part of the â€Å"business† mentality of human beings as we know it, since the beginning of mankind. Take for example the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, one of the longest ongoing negotiations of the kind, based primarily on the dispute over land (UN, 1948). We negotiate every single day of our lives; whether it is goods, commodities, ideas, positions, or money. The list could be endless. For this reason knowing how to negotiate is very important. The idea is to have all parties mutually satisfied with the results achieved through the highest standards of (Ethics) and legitimate standards. In no other time of world history as the modern days, has the ability and the necessity of knowing how to negotiate, using sophisticated tools and civil discourse been so essential to society. As explained in Getting to YES, â€Å"We are each participants in a pioneering generation of negotiators†¦ it is central to human life and the survival of our species. [3] Negotiations Concepts Leading to Good BATNA A ruthless, aggressive and cold blooded negotiation style is the framework approach most people have when it comes to negotiation,[6] a theoretical example of that is Adversarial Approach Style Negotiation. 6] But in reality, as mentioned by experts and researchers such as Fisher and Ury [3] it doesn’t have to be that way. As the world moves to more sophisticated platforms of communication, negotiation follows the trend and Problem-Solving Approach(citation) is in a way, the â€Å"antidote of Adversarial Approach Style Negotiation. Getting to YES[3] suggest an Interest -Based Model for the use of Problem-Solving Approach. Interest-Based Model focus on separating the person (positional) from the problems (resolution) and then concentrate on the resolution. This way allowing for both parties in a distributive way to get the results they both want. ABCs of BATNA Having a BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) as part of the negotiation is imperative as the name explains. No one should come to the negotiation table without a BATNA. [7] This will allow for intelligent negotiation and bargain zones. In addition to having a BATNA, parties should have a Bottom Line or Reservation Price. What this prevents is that neither party will come out with agreements they don’t need[3] Often, parties go to the negotiation table with what they imagine is a great BATNA. For example, how many times have you walked into a job interview with no other solid job offers in hand, let alone perspective of solid salaries, benefits and other great things you are looking for in a job. [3] The ability to be in a powerful position so the negotiation can be intelligent and satisfactory to both parties requires preparation and research. So do not cut yourself short for the lack of having a better BATNA at all times. [3] If having a good BATNA in essential, developing a BATNA is equally important. Let’s assume that you are going to work for a company that is not offering you the salary you desire. Instead, you know that they offer other perks such as, company cars, luxurious vacation homes, and state-of-the-art computers and laptops to their employees. In other words, Alternatives. [3] Attractive Alternatives is what you want to explore in order to develop a very strong BATNA. In Getting to YES, the authors give 3 suggestions of how you can accomplish this: Inventing a list of actions you might take if no agreement is reached Converting some of the more promising ideas and transforming them into tangible and partial alternatives Selecting the alternative that sounds best BATNA rules Parties should never disclose their BATNA, unless, the alternative is better. In other words, if your best alternative to a negotiated agreement is better than what the other party is offering, then disclosing it, is to your advantage. If on the other hand it is worse, then do not disclose it. BATNA in Cross Cultural Frameworks Currently in the United States and due to recent world events, there are more and more individuals with a different cultural background and approach to negotiation. When individuals come to the negotiation and bargaining table ready to use their BATNA, and one of the parties is from a different culture, there is a tremendous game change in approach. Both parties need to think and account for cultural cognitive behaviors. Both parties must expand their thinking negotiation hats by not allowing external judgment and biases to affect the negotiation. As mentioned earlier, separate the individual from the objective[3] For example imagine you are negotiating with a party from an Arab Nation. Is this going to effect your view of how you are going to negotiate? Or even if you are the party from that nation, are you prepared to receive an offer lower than your BATNA because you know you are from a different culture. The previous is a very simple example, but the purpose here as Gulliver[8] mentioned, is for negotiation parties to be aware. Disclosure This is a very new topic in negotiation and there aren’t many frameworks in place to help this scenario. Nonetheless, preparation at all levels, including prejudicial free thoughts, emotional free behavior, biases free behavior are just a few ways according to the Handbook of Negotiations and Culture[9] that can helps in the right direction. edit]Examples The following examples illustrate the basic principles of identifying the BATNA and how to use it in further negotiations to help value other offers. [edit]Selling a car If the seller of a car has a written offer from a dealership to buy the sellers car for $1,000, then the sellers BATNA when dealing with other potential purchasers would be $1,000 since the seller can get $1,000 for the car even without reaching an agreement with an alternative purchaser. In this example, other offers that illustrate the difficulty of valuing qualitative factors might include: An offer of $900 by a close relative An offer of $1,100 in 45 days (what are the chances of this future commitment falling through, and would the sellers prior BATNA (the $1,000 offer from the dealership) still be available if it did? ) An offer from another dealer to offset $1,500 against the price of a new car (does the seller want to buy a new car right now, and the offered car in particular? ) [edit]Purchasing Buyers are often able to leverage their BATNA with regards to prices. This is done through buying from the lowest cost or best value seller. [edit]See also Getting to YES Getting past No Conflict resolution research Alternative Dispute Resolution in a Nutshell [edit]References ^ Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement | Negotiation Experts ^ Negotiation, Readings, Exercises and Cases, Roy J. Lewicki ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fisher and Ury, Roger and William (2011). Getting to YES. Penguin Books. pp. 1–170. ISBN 978-0143118756. ^ Myerson, Roger B. Nash Equilibrium and the History of Economic Theory. Nash Equilibrium and the History of Economic Theory. Journal of Economic Literature. Retrieved 1 October 2012. ^ Hawkins and Steiner, Jeff and Neil. The Nash Equilibrium Meets Batna. Gamed Therory Varied Ueses in ADR. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012. ^ a b Nolan-Haley, Jaqueline M (2001). Alternative Dipute Resolution in a Nutshel. Thomson West. pp. 39–50. ISBN ISBN 978-0314180148. ^ Honeyman and Schneider, Andrea and Chistopher (2006). The Negotiators Fieldbook: Desktop Reference. American Bar Association. pp. 200–300. ISBN 978-1590315453. ^ Gulliver, P. H (1979). Disputes and Negotiation: A Cross Culture Perspective. Academic Press. p. 287. ^ Brett and Gelfand, Jeanne and Michael (2004). The Handbook of Negotiations and

Hate Language in Rap Music essays

Hate Language in Rap Music essays Hate Language in Rap Music In a recent survey of Americans, 75% reported believing that exposure to violence in popular music, television shows, and movies, inspires young people to act aggressively (Lacayo, 1995; Smith et al., 2000). The consumption of media containing heterosexist and homophobic languages, by young adults and children, harbors aggression and sexual confusion. Jung and Smith (1993) define heterosexism as, a reasoned system of bias about human sexual orientation...rooted in a largely cognitive constellation of beliefs about human sexuality (Hecht, 1998, p. 113). The constant exposure to hateful lyrics found in some of todays most popular music desensitizes the young to violence against and mistreatment of gays and lesbians. It may also instill a fear in those young adults who may be confused about their own sexual orientation, causing extreme frustration and emotional pain. With the recent success of rapper Eminems sophomore release entitled, The Marshall Mathers LP, much attention had been drawn to this topic. There has been a tremendous backlash against Eminems music and the messages he delivers to the millions of listeners he has acquired. The most audible criticisms have been those of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation, or glaad. In a media release from glaad, the organization stated that: The hatred and hostility on (Eminems) CD have a real effect on peoples lives as they encourage violence against gay men and lesbians. At time when hate crimes against gay people are on the rise, these epithets create even more bias and intolerance toward an entire community. The real danger comes from the artists fan base of easily influenced adolescents who emulate Eminems dress, mannerisms, words and beliefs (glaad.org, 2000b). Some of these words and beliefs include the following lyrics from the song Criminal&quo...

Economics case assignment module 01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economics case assignment module 01 - Essay Example This reflects the company’s high premium on supply and demand. It also values customers by giving many incentives that will attract new buyers and maintain old ones. To further the relationship between Wal Mart and Economics, the term Efficiency, Technology , and Price were chosen since these are actually some of the factors that have contributed to the growth of this business. The first term efficiency denotes achieving the maximum potential of an output ( products or services) that is brought by the resources and technology. An organization as big as Wal Mart would not be able to thrive in the market if it isn’t efficient. It’s expansion even to other countries benefits much from the ability of the organization to harness the potential of its resources. One of its focus is human resource management which equips its employees the skills that increase their efficiency in delivering services to the customers, thereby, producing favorable results as seen from their growth. Even having their own fleet of trucks dramatically increased their efficiency in supplying their stores. The term Technology complements the efficiency of Wal-Mart since this business has proven that one of the contributing factors for its efficiency is technology. A concrete example would be its direct access to P&G that enables it to replace its shelves four times faster than the competition; thus , approving that efficiency is highly correlated with technology. The third term price implies that sellers and buyers must agree on the exchange of products and services. In the same manner, Wal Mart has met the price that the consumers are willing to pay for since its prices are low. Interestingly, this is again a contribution of efficiency since the company keep the costs very minimal because of the logistics system that they have. Their efficiency in

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Microeconomics - Essay Example Macroeconomics is similar to this except that it deals with a country’s GDP, trade figures, and unemployment rates (â€Å"What’s†). These two economic principles go hand-in-hand because they each compliment each other. For example, the purchasing decision of an individual consumer would have an effect on the greater country as a whole, no matter how big or small. Looking at it from the other perspective, a macroeconomic decision taken by a government will have an effect on the spending habits of a single consumer. Microeconomics is largely to do with the prices of regular goods and services and how they affect a market. If a market is not doing so well, maybe the prices of goods and services need to be lowered. On the other hand, if the economy is doing above average, maybe the prices of goods and services need to be raised. This is largely due to the need to control inflation, which has more to do with macroeconomic decisions (Fox). Macroeconomics is concerned w ith economic growth and the discrepancies in national income, or GDP (â€Å"Difference†). An example of an economic decision that I could make would be the purchase of some new running shoes. If the price is too high, then I will put off my decision to purchase a new pair. Alternatively, I could look for another pair that is cheaper and more in my price range. Before making the final purchasing choice, I would find a selection of running shoes and evaluate of pair based on its pros and cons. Factors that I would consider in making my choice would obviously be price, followed by quality. Ultimately, my final choice would come down to the best pair of running shoes that I could buy in terms of durability and how comfortable the shoes are. An example of a macroeconomic decision that has affected me has been the raising of the minimum wage level. When a government chooses to raise the minimum wage, a consequence of

Thomas Cook PESTEL Analysis

Thomas Cook PESTEL Analysis This report is going to analyse and evaluate the strategic fit of Thomas Cook plc and its critical success factors using analytical tools. The PESTEL Analysis is used to evaluate conditions in the Travel and Tourism market environment and how these conditions affect Thomas Cook plc and its competitors now and in the future. A porters five forces analysis will also be used to determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of the travel and tourism industry. Introduction Thomas Cook Travel Company was first started by its namesake in June of 1841 and has since become the worlds most recognisable name in the travel industry. The merger of Thomas Cook AG and My Travel Group plc on June 19th of 2007 produced Thomas Cook plc, making Thomas Cook the second largest leisure travel group in the UK behind TUI Travel plc its major competitor. Thomas Cook specialises in providing a wide range of package holidays to destinations. (Thomascook.com) INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS (Task A) PESTEL ANALYSIS The PESTEL frame work categorises environmental influences into six main types which are political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal (see appendix A). The PESTEL framework helps managers understand the key drivers of change and also the differential impact of these external influences and drivers on the industry, markets and individual organisations. (Johnson, Gerry, 2005). Political factors According to CIPD, coalition governments spending cuts are going to result in 0.7million job losses in the public sector. The travel and tourism industry is in the public sector; therefore their employees are faced with fears of redundancy. Announcement of redundancies will invariably have an adverse impact on morale, motivation and productivity of remaining employees. The negative effects can be reduced by sensitive handling of redundant employees and those remaining and to be as honest as possible with the remaining staff to gain back their trust and confidence. (cipd.co.uk) Economic factors are of concern to travel and tourism, because they may influence demand, costs, prices and profits. Package holidays are an income elastic business, as income decreases or rises; it can have a significant effect on the demand. Therefore looking ahead, public sector cuts are likely to have a major consequence on the travel and tourism industry. Social Factors Redundancies and other government cuts will potentially result in limited disposable income for consumers. According to Mintel, some 12% of consumers are spending nothing on non-essentials, with 35% describing themselves as very cautious, 30% as quite cautious, and only 5% as not at all cautious. This is because of the decrease in disposable income. If income decreases, then spending will become more cautious, especially on income elastic items such as package holidays, therefore reducing profit  margins for the travel industry. With all the package holidays in the UK, supply will remain very high as demand decreases forcing companies to reduce their prices. The spending cuts will mean that business executives will have to cut their budgets and most likely use low-cost travel planes such as Easy Jet and Rynair. Video conferencing is improving all the time, and the price has fallen to zero using online systems such as yahoo messenger, business may be forced to use this method to communicate to reduce their costs. This going to affect the travel industry a lot, executives provide business anytime of the year whilst holidays are seasonal. This will reduce customers. If classy seats are either vacant or earning less revenue, this means less departures or soaring economy class fares. Companies will also be forced to provide bargains for leisure travelers willing to upgrade to business class. Technological Factors The most powerful example technology is the emergence and improvement of the internet, which led to reduced costs and increased operational efficiency within the tourism agencies and airports. Because the internet is becoming better every day, its causing intimacy between tour operators and clients and improving contentment for both parties. Aside the internet, other major technologies that support the continuous growth of the tourism industry are those implemented by transportation, which is becoming safer, quicker and more pleasing. The technological implementations within tourism operations have led to changes in working behaviour and will also result an increase of demand for labour force, implying as such that educational institutions place more emphasis on teaching tourism. Environmental Factors Protecting the environment is one of the most talked about and sensitive matters today, making environmental responsibility part of the factors that determine a tour operators success. According to global warming 2020, aviation which ferries hundreds of thousands of tourists across the globe is of great concern to those seeking to protect the environment. A major concern for the industry is  greenhouse  gas  emissions and their implication for climate change. Aviation produces at least two percent of emissions. One way the aviation industry is working on this problem is by rolling out newer planes that have fuel efficient engines which means less carbon emissions. However not all airlines especially in the poorer countries can afford buying new aircraft. PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Porters five forces analysis (see appendix B) was developed to as a way of assessing the attractiveness of different industries. The five forces constitute an industrys structure. (Johnson, Gerry, 2008) Threats of substitutes The lack of disposable income and the effect of coalition government spending cuts are likely to change consumer spending habits, as a result with a significant shift in demand from luxury goods to inferior goods which are much more affordable, consumers are likely to shift to local and cheaper holidays and may choose to use trains (eurostar) or their cars to local holidays. Terrorism has affected the mentality of travellers and has made travelling more difficult and uncomfortable. People have to think about security issues from when they start packing to when they reach their destination, this will convince more travellers to use trains or holiday locally. This is however a moderate threat because customers usually prefer airlines because they are much quicker. Competitive Rivalry The Travel and tourism industry occupies a big segment of the business market and therefore provides many opportunities for tour operators; however its a very competitive industry. To be successful a package holiday company needs to discover the best fit between their individual skills, competencies and resources and external market characteristics to make sure that they stay on top of their game. Brand recognition and strength also determine the success of a company against its competitors, especially if times are tough in the economy. Negotiating powers of buyers Demand in package holiday industry is extremely elastic; this means that buyers will not just accept a given price by a package holiday company. Customers will use any information sources available to them such as the internet to look for better and exclusive deals available around, and with so many package holidays available in the UK, they are likely to find one and use a different company. As discussed above about the effect of economy on the travel industry, the powers of buyers are that they have a huge influence on the setting of prices in accordance with the prices which are around in the market. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS Critical success factors are used to identify key factors that a business needs to focus on to ensure that their business is successful. To survive and prosper, all industry participants must use an emergent strategy. Emergent strategy is a way of action that develops over time in an industry without a specific mission, goals or long-term plans. Emergent approaches should be thoroughly analysed in the context of an increasingly active, highly competitive and global business market. Influential external forces mentioned in the PESTEL analysis are pushing companies to reduce costs, improve processes and identify new opportunities for growth and an emergent strategy will help companies cope with these factors. An emergent approach leads to more creative and responsive strategy making which is well suited to the hyper-competitive and unpredictable environments such as the package holiday industry. It is more suited to instigating positive, transformational organisational change such as diversification or restructuring. It also has the added benefit of helping to reduce resistance to change as it allows time to build employee support while the strategy is taking shape. (powerfulwords.co.uk)

Film Analysis of King Kong Produced by Merian C. Cooper Essay examples

Film Analysis of King Kong Produced by Merian C. Cooper A classic adventure-fantasy film in the earlier talking films is King Kong (1933). King Kong was conceived by director/producer Merian C. Cooper. Cooper tells the story of an attractive blonde woman and a frightening gigantic ape-monster who are immersed in a Beauty and the Beast type tale. A major section of the film is the struggle on Skull Island between the filmmakers, the islanders, and the other resident of the island. The other resident being a mutant creature who must also fight civilization when it is brought to New York City for display. From the beginning of the movie, its screenplay by James Creelman and Ruth Rose foretells the coming terror. The film included many revolutionary technical innovations for its time, and some of the best stop-action animation ever sequences and special effects (by Willis O'Brien) ever captured. King Kong was a film with many wonderful sound and cinematic techniques. The filmed contained a dramatic musical score, which helped set the mood of the film. The sound effects were also unusual for films of its time. The director used different animal’s sounds to create Kong’s voice. The narrative of the story was one that was of interest of movie goes. In King Kong the story unfolds pretty directly in front of you so there is not a lot of confusion. To me the film is a montage not mise-en-scene. The story is told in a straightforward manner that doesn’t s...

Mgt Module 5

Module 5 – Individual level: motivation concepts and applications 1 Module 5 – Individual level: motivation concepts and applications Learning objectives On successful completion of this module, you should be able to: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Define motivation and identify three key elements of motivations Identify early theories of motivation and evaluate their current use value Apply the predictions of self-determination theory to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards Compare and contrast goal-setting theory and management by objectives Contrast reinforcement theory and goal-setting theory Demonstrate how organisational justice is a refinement of equity theory Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees Compare contemporary theories of motivations Show how motivation theories are culture bound Learning resourcesText Robbins, SP, Judge, T, Millett, B & Boyle, M 2011, Organisational behaviour, Chapter 7. Introduction to Module 5 Welcome to Module 5 of MGT1000. I give this module about a 4. 5 rating – the theory is heavier going. There are about 22 pages from the text. Also this module is about 7 pages long. There are no must do tasks but there is still an application exercise that can take up as much time as you want to invest in it. The application is a mini essay writing exercise. The mind map that follows illustrates where we are up to in the individual level of the course so far.In this module we will be discussing theories of motivation and their workplace applications. Motivation is a critical issue within workplaces today. It is not sufficient that employees simply turn up at work. Employers want highly productive and motivated employees. You already know that workplace productivity can be enhanced by ensuring a sound fit between employee personality and job requirements, between employer and employee values and  © University of Southern Queensland 2 MGT1000 – Organisational behaviour between employee preferences and the culture and structure of the organisation.You will also realise from previous modules that in creating a motivating workplace it is employee perception of the workplace, rather than the reality of the workplace, that will influence employee performance. In this module you will learn ways that managers can make the workplace more motivating for employees. The most basic premise of this module is that motivation is not a trait like personality, but rather something that managers can encourage or discourage. Module 3 Attitudes and job satisfaction Module 4 Personality and values Module 5 Motivation Absenteeism †¢Job satisfaction †¢Turnover †¢Productivity †¢Organisational citizenship †¢Deviant workplace behaviour This first exercise will give you a chance to clarify your own (everyday) everyday experience of motivation. Learning activity 5. 1 Think of one thing you have been putting off doing. Perhaps you have a friend you have been meaning to contact; perh aps you have some task around the house you have not completed yet. Perhaps you have not been able to maintain your exercise program. Or perhaps you have had difficulty getting all your study completed.Think about these 2 questions 1. Why are you putting yourself under pressure to do this thing? 2. Why haven’t you done this thing yet?  © University of Southern Queensland Module 5 – Individual level: motivation concepts and applications 3 Learning activity 6. 1 de-brief I expect we all have things we have not done that we feel we should have done. So I assume no one had difficulty thinking of something they had put off. The following two definitions of motivation show considerable consistency and can be helpful in understanding your inability to do the task you nominated. We define motivation as the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal’ (Robbins, Judge, Millett, & Boyle 2011, p . 176) ‘Motivation refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. ’(Gordon, 1999 p. 534) Both definitions seem to regard persistence as essential to motivation. Perhaps you may have lacked the persistence or continuing effort required to complete the task?In addition the definitions refer to enthusiasm or intensity – both of which can be regarded as a measure of ‘how hard’ you were prepared to work (Robbins et al. 2011 p. 176). Perhaps this is where you had your difficulty? Finally, both definitions state there needs to be some kind of purpose – variously described as direction, a goal or a course of action – that is essential to motivation. It would appear because you could articulate what you were supposed to do then at least you did have a goal, even if it is yet to be achieved. The question remains ‘Why haven’t we done this thing if we still feel we need to do it? Perhaps one of the reasons you gave for not completing this task was that it simply was too hard. Indeed the text says no matter how motivated someone is, if they truly lack the ability to do a task then it is impossible for them to do it. So if you truly lack the ability required to do the task then perhaps you should stop trying to do this task. Similarly if one of the reasons you gave for not doing this task was a lack of time, again this may be a legitimate reason for not doing the task. Robbins et al. (2011, p. 176) view motivation as a series of processes.That is, if a person lacks opportunity (for example the required time to complete a task), it does not matter how motivated or how gifted they are they simply will not be able to do the task. But perhaps your task was within your ability arrange and you had the opportunity to do it. The question remains, ‘Why didn’t you do it? ’ The definitions listed above may provide some answers. While Robbins et al. (2011) make no comment on the origins of motivation, Gordon (1999 p. 534) however, refers to motivation as ‘forces either within or external to a person’.These internal and external forces are very important in understanding Herzberg’s theory and its later developments. These two factors (internal and external factors) are the two factors that give Herzberg’s two factor theory its name. Herzberg refers to these 1) external and 2) internal factors as 1) extrinsic or hygiene factors and 2) intrinsic factors or motivators respectively. These two factors are like the oil and petrol in your car. They are quite separate, but you need both to be at the right level for the car to work well.In a car you have a petrol gauge that indicates if your tank is full or empty. It indicates if you have petrol or no petrol. So Herzberg refers to his 2 factors in the same terms. For example if you have no motivators (like no petrol) this is refer red to as a state of ‘no satisfaction’. If you have motivators (like a full tank of petrol) you have ‘satisfaction’. Interestingly, Herzberg does not regard satisfaction as the opposite of dissatisfaction. So let  © University of Southern Queensland 4 MGT1000 – Organisational behaviour e confirm, a lack of satisfaction is referred to by Herzberg as being a state of ‘no satisfaction’ not a state of dissatisfaction. The jargon in this theory is a little confusing at first, but Herzberg is making an important point. When you understand that point the jargon is easy to understand. Again consider the reasons you gave for not acting and the reasons you gave for continuing to put pressure on yourself. According to Herzberg’s two factor theory (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 178–80) only intrinsic factors are truly motivating. Intrinsic factors amount to way the task makes you feel.For example, if you stated the job is too boring or not very enjoyable that is an example of a task that is simply not motivating. That is why you lacked motivation and ultimately did not complete the task – it was simply not an intrinsically rewarding task. According to Herzberg extrinsic or hygiene factors will never truly motivate you to complete a task (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 178–80). So even if for example, one of the reasons you gave to complete the task was that you would be paid to complete it, then although you may have found the payment acceptable, it could not actually motivate you to do the task.The pay could only ever be experienced by you as good pay or bad pay for the job involved. In either event the pay itself would not motivate you to do the job – only the job’s intrinsic qualities and opportunities can truly motivate. There are many critics of Herzberg’s theory and his original research methods (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 178)and also the other earlier theories of motivation. For examp le refer to Robbins et al. (2011, p. 177) for a critique of Maslow’s theory.The text provides an overview of contemporary theories of motivation that have a reasonable degree of research validity. These theories address employee motivation and include the Self-determination theory, Goal-setting theory, Self-efficacy theory, Reinforcement theory, Equity theory and Expectancy theory. These theories provide guidelines for managers about how to enhance workplace motivation in their employees. Self-efficacy theory, for instance, argues that ‘an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task’ (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 186) influences their performance.According to this theory, employees with low selfefficacy (self belief) will exert less effort when they receive negative feedback whereas employees with high self-efficacy will increase their effort (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 187-80). Managers who focus on increasing self-efficacy in employees by setting difficult goals for them and encouraging them to perform better, can expect increased employee performance. You can see that the goal-setting theory is also applicable here – setting specific and difficult goals and providing feedback can lead to higher performance (Robbins et al. 011, p. 184). You will also read this week about ‘Equity’ theory which takes quite a different view of what motivates or ‘de-motivates’ us. Equity theory’s basic tenant is that the perception of equitable reward (such as salary) is quite essential to motivation. Most simply stated if you as an employee feel you are relatively poorly treated – for example, poorly paid as compared with others – then your motivation will suffer. In your reading you will be exposed to the mechanism of the ‘comparable worth’ as a way to create rewards systems for jobs that create equity in the workplace.Finally, you will read about expectancy theory this week which takes another quite different view of motivation. Expectancy theory is all about the expectancies or in lay terms ‘expectations’ employees have about their work and its rewards. If an employee 1) does not expect (or believe) they have the ability to complete the job to the required standard and or 2) does not expect (or believe) that the organisation will recognise their work when it is completed to the required standard and or 2) does not expect (or believe) the reward the organisation offers is worthwhile, then the employee’s motivation will suffer.You will read  © University of Southern Queensland Module 5 – Individual level: motivation concepts and applications 5 how expectancy theory can be applied to the workplace through the use of flexible benefits that allow employees to work towards rewards they truly value. Learning objectives from the text ? ? Define motivation and identify three key elements of motivations – Read ‘De fining motivation’ page 176. Identify early theories of motivation and evaluate their current use value – Read ‘Early theories of motivation’ page 176 – 181, up to the end of ‘McClelland’s theory of needs’, page 181.Apply the predictions of self-determination theory to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards– Read ‘Contemporary theories of motivation’ page 181 – 3. Compare and contrast goal-setting theory and management by objectives – Read page 184 – 188, up to the end of ‘Self-efficacy theory’ on page 188. Contrast reinforcement theory and goal-setting theory – Read ‘Reinforcement theory’ page 188 – 9. Demonstrate how organisational justice is a refinement of equity theory – Read ‘Equity theory/organisational justice’ page 189 – 92.Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees – Read ‘Expectancy t heory’ page 193 – 4 and ‘Flexible benefits; Developing a benefits package’ page 222. Compare contemporary theories of motivations – Read ‘Integrating contemporary theories of motivation’ page 194 – 5. Show how motivation theories are culture bound – Read ‘Global Implications’ page 196. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? We also suggest that you read Summary and Implications for Managers’ that provides you with a good summary of the theories covered in the readings.Application exercise This week’s application exercise is one I have used previously with students. You are asked to write a 5 paragraph essay titled ‘The day I hated my job more than I thought humanly possible’ or an essay titled ‘The day I loved my job more than I thought humanly possible’. In either case use Herzberg’s theory to explain why you hated or loved your job so much on that day. This is a quick exercise to get yo u thinking about 1) how to structure an essay and 2) how to apply theory to a case study.I have attached an example of an essay submitted by a previous student to help you. What follows are the quick tips on how to write a good OBM essay that were covered in module 2.  © University of Southern Queensland 6 MGT1000 – Organisational behaviour A good OBM essay has four main parts. ? ? You will always need a one paragraph introduction that states the overall theme of your essay and outlines the content of the essay. This will be the first paragraph of the essay. This will be followed by a series of paragraphs that present the real contents of your essay.This is sometimes referred to as the body of the essay. In this case this will only be 3 paragraphs. (You can have more if you really need them, but this is meant to be a short and sweet exercise to get the brain cells going – not a marathon). These will include the facts of your best or worst day at work and your referen ces to Herzberg’s theory that explain the experience. Visit this webpage at the USQ Library and follow the clicks for information on how to cite sources in essays using the Harvard Referencing system .This will be followed by a one paragraph conclusion that restates the main theme of your paper, summarises the main points raised in the body of your paper and ends with a strong ‘concluding’ sentence This will be followed by a ‘List of references’. This is a list of the full bibliographical details or any source (for example text book or journal article) that you cite in the essay. I expect in this essay you would only list the text as a source. ? ? A good OBM essay also includes theory that has been applied to the case study.I suggest you use the three sentence formula listed below to apply theory to a case study. In each paragraph include: 1. One or two sentences containing a bite size piece of theory 2. Followed by one or two sentences containing a bite size piece of case study 3. Followed by a linking sentence – that explains how exactly the theory is linked to the case study. An example 1. Bite size piece of theory According to Herzberg jobs that afford opportunities for growth can potentially be a source of job satisfaction (Robbins et al. 2011, p. 179) 2. Bite size piece of case study I certainly ound my job at that time challenging in a positive way. I was involved in a short-term, cutting edge project aiming to develop a completely new range of client services. 3. Linking sentence. My involvement in the client services project gave me an excellent opportunity for professional growth. My positive experience of my job at that time was therefore highly consistent with Herzberg’s notion of a job with job satisfaction. The same material presented as a paragraph. According to Herzberg jobs that afford opportunities for growth can potentially be a source of job satisfaction (Robbins et al. 011, p. 179. ) I certain ly found my job at that time challenging in a positive way. I was involved in a short-term, cutting edge project aiming to develop a completely new range of client services. My involvement in the  © University of Southern Queensland Module 5 – Individual level: motivation concepts and applications 7 client services project gave me an excellent opportunity for professional growth. My positive experience of my job at that time was therefore highly consistent with Herzberg’s notion of a job with job satisfaction.You may have to go through a few more drafts of the paragraph to get it saying exactly what you want it to, but that is the basic process. Finally, you may be wondering how to relate bits of theory to bits of case study. You might find a pen and paper tool like this one below useful. In the left hand column you will see the motivators and hygiene factors listed. (This is the theory you are expected to use in this essay). In the right column there is room for you to list the elements of your story that relate to these factors. You do not need to have an entry next to each piece of theory.The idea is that you would look at the completed grid and then decide what the pattern is. Did your job have lots of problems with the motivators? Were there additional problems with the hygiene factors? What was the overall pattern is the case study? This then becomes the theme of your essay. Motivators Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement Growth Case study elements Hygiene factors Company policy and administration Supervision Relationship with supervisor Work conditions Relationship with peers Personal life Relationship with subordinates Status Security SalaryCase study elements  © University of Southern Queensland 8 MGT1000 – Organisational behaviour Summary This module has focussed on motivation as a process that managers need to understand in order to try to create motivating jobs and reward systems in the workplace. You have covered both earlier theories of motivation and contemporary theories. You have also had an opportunity to put pen to paper and attempt an essay in this course. Presentation 5. 1 Ch7_motivation Reference list Gordon, J 1999, Organizational behaviour: a diagnostic approach, 6th edn, Prentice Hall, NJ.Mann, S 2004, ‘People-work: emotion management, stress and coping’, British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 205–21, viewed 12 December, EBSCOhost database Academic Search Premier, item: AN13121438. McShane, S & Von Glinow, M 2005, Organizational behaviour, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston. Robbins, SP, Judge, T, Millett, B & Boyle, M 2011, Organisational behaviour, 6th edn, Pearson Education, French’s Forest. Gordon, J 1999, Organizational behaviour: a diagnostic approach, 6th edn, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.  © University of Southern Queensland

Mrs. Mallards Reflections on Life in Kate Chopin’s “The...

Anyone who receives notice of a loved ones death is never expected to take it lightly. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Mrs. Mallard is informed of her husbands â€Å"death† as gently as possible, and immediately she understands the enormous significance this loss will have on her life. Unlike many widow’s, her feelings of utter devastation do not last. Mrs. Mallard’s sobs of loss turn to cries of joy after she reflects upon her own character and discovers truths about her marriage. As any woman would, Mrs. Mallard initially â€Å"wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment,† (227) at the news of her husband’s death. Her weeping almost seems forced as Mrs. Mallard’s true character is revealed later on. She is described as â€Å"young, with a†¦show more content†¦This personal confession shows that Mrs. Mallard, though she will mourn at first, now is free to â€Å"live for herself,† (228) not for her imposing husband. Before her husband’s death, Mrs. Mallard believed she was in a healthy, normal marriage. This death revealed to her how while she cared about her husband, she despised the lack of freedom her marriage had given her. All of the realizations that Mrs. Mallard reaches during her time of reflection shows the readers exactly why she will no longer mourn the death of her husband. The reader might question as to why Mrs. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death change so quickly. Was she previously unaware of the â€Å"subtle and elusive† (227) thoughts that made her believe that this death might be a blessing in disguise? Mrs. Mallard, before her husband’s death, had a romanticized view of her marriage. While she believed she loved Brently and was happy, after his death she became aware of the freedom she would now experience without a controlling husband. The â€Å"powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence† (22 8) would no longer be present. Mrs. Mallard was aware of her yearnings of independence and joy, but would never voice them while locked into her marriage with Brantley. While at first, it may seem as Mrs. Mallard was unaware of these feelings, the death of her husband was just the catalyst that allowed her deepest feelings to be revealed and her dreams of independence to finallyShow MoreRelatedSymbolism as Found in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesas found in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"Story of an Hour† In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"Story of an Hour† the protagonist, Louise Mallard, is going through a life-changing event that is brought on by the news of the death of her husband, Brently Mallard. During this hour, she is told of her husband’s death, grieves for a short time, discovers that she will now be able to â€Å"live for herself† (16) and is finally able to free herself of the restrictive marriage she has been living in. 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At firstRead MoreEssay on Freedom in Kate Chopins The Story of An Hour1087 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom in Kate Chopins The Story of An Hour In Kate Chopins The Story of An Hour the theme is found within the concept of how someone can be trapped in a repressive, unsatisfying reality because of anothers thoughtless oppression and manipulation. When combined with the contemporary societys beliefs --- presumably the later half of the 19th century for this story -- a further understanding of Chopins thoughts and feelings can be realized. Mrs. Louise Mallard, the victim and messengerRead MoreEssay about Disappointment in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour783 Words   |  4 PagesDisappointment in The Story of an Hour      Ã‚   The Story of an Hour is a short story in which Kate Chopin, the author, presents an often unheard of view of marriage. Published in the late eighteen hundreds, the oppressive nature of marriage in The Story of an Hour may well be a reflection of, though not exclusive to, that era. Mrs. Louise Mallard, Chopins main character, experiences the exhilaration of freedom rather than the desolation of loneliness after she Read MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin811 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of The Story of an Hour In Kate Chopin’s short story, The Story of an Hour, the reader is introduced to three characters and an event that has occurred prior to the beginning of the story. The three characters that the reader is introduced to are: Mrs. Mallard, who is the protagonist of the story, Josphine, who is her sister, and Mr. Richards, who does not play a major role in the story. Throughout the plot of the story, the reader can gain a sense of sympathy for Mrs. Mallard as theyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1421 Words   |  6 Pages Essay One â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is arguably known as Kate Chopin’s best short story. Those who have read the story, can agree that Louise Mallard, receives tragic information of her husband, Brently Mallard’s death. Mrs. Mallard then accelerates through a sequence of emotional reactions of â€Å"new spring life† and â€Å"elixir of life† (476-477), but she receives another shock that her husband is actually alive. This shock is so devastating that it is fatal. Chopin’s depiction of open windows and springRead More The Importance of Freedom in Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†1907 Words   |  8 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† grabs its readers from the start and creates an unexpected twist at the end of the short story. Louise Mallard is given the news that her husband has died in a terrible train accident. To her surprise, he arrives home and â€Å"did not even know there had been one† (Cho pin, 607). Upon the death of Louise who once believes she was a widow only to find that her husband is still alive, the confusion begins. The death of Louise is questioned by many critics as a state